ancient Egyptian

The inclination of the antiquated Egyptian development over the civic establishments of the old world 

Egypt has all the fixings that could prompt the rise of an effective development, as it appreciates a special area at the gathering purpose of three landmasses: Asia, Africa and Europe, and the incomparable Nile River goes through its properties, which was set up on the two shores of human advancement. Egypt additionally had secure characteristic boundaries, as a desert in the east and west, and gondolas block the course of the Nile waters in the south, and the Mediterranean in the north, which presented to it a decent lot of security and soundness. 

Egypt delighted in the benefit of simple correspondence between its various parts, and this is because of the absence of tough grounds, the nonappearance of mountain ranges remaining before this, and it appreciated a steady atmosphere to an enormous degree, which furnished the Egyptian individuals with an occasion to play out their work under appropriate climatic conditions. 

At that point there is the Egyptian man who was able to worry about out the concern of this human progress, and who associated with all the past fixings, and this collaboration brought about that recognized development inventiveness. The old Egyptian man was certain of his capacities to lead, and that is the reason he called himself: "the individuals of the sky," or "the individuals of the Nile," which is the individuals who were made from the tear of the eye, and any remaining people groups of the earth were made from an offending fluid. 

A people who has every one of these fixings, the components of material and elusive development, needed to have advancements at the degree of what was ready for it from the fixings. 

The Egyptian progress has been since man gotten comfortable the place that is known for Egypt (in the fifth thousand years BC and all through the Pharaonic time). It has gained incredible ground in numerous everyday issues, as it was accounted for by numerous contemporary developments, which thus gave it over to the human advancements that followed them, which can be followed in certain perspectives, even in the progress of the cutting edge age. 

Also, if the Western human progress owes credit to what it has reached to the Greek human advancement, and they seldom get some information about the rise and improvement of Greek development, its association with the Egyptian human progress, and the degree of its impact with it. 

In spite of the fact that an individual can't deny the goodness of Greek development in the fields of theory, medication, cosmology, sports and all parts of craftsmanship, simultaneously we can't overlook the acknowledgment by numerous Greek researchers because of the progress of Egypt and other old Near Eastern civic establishments, some of whom concentrated in Egypt, And they took in a ton from its researchers in the fields of science and human expressions, and some may find out if the old Egyptian progress was the most seasoned progress in the antiquated world, or if there were civilizations that went before or started simultaneously. 

Truth be told, the particular meaning of the word human progress will without a doubt help answer this inquiry. On the off chance that the importance of human advancement is the appearances of the advancement that man has accomplished in his life, at that point there is no uncertainty that man has prevailing with regards to accomplishing this in numerous pieces of the earth at the same time, then again, actually he didn't proceed with it and push it advance and create himself, and accomplish more developments as progress did Old. 

The Egyptian progress, despite the fact that it is the most established human advancements, is simultaneously the most antiquated and true developments that have enduring effect on contemporary and later developments. In spite of this initiative and the reasonable effect on different developments, one can't prevent the prudence from getting different civic establishments in later times, for example, the Babylonian and Assyrian human advancements in Mesopotamia, the Phoenician progress in Syria, the Persian civilization in Persia, and the Greek and Roman human advancements in Greece and the Romans. 

At the point when we take a gander at certain parts of progress, we ensure the degree of authority and profundity of the impact of the Egyptian human advancement, for instance composing arrived at Egypt around 3500 BC, where hieroglyphic composing showed up, at that point hieratic composition, at that point demotic content, at that point Coptic content, before others. Developments of the Ancient World. 

Furthermore, if Egypt didn't have a clue about the total letter set, as its phonemic development depended on signs with one letter, two with two letters, and three letters with three letters, and if the Phoenicians in Syria were the principal people groups to know the full letter set, at that point they were influenced in that by the Sinaitic letter set (proportion To the Sinai Peninsula), which uncovered its signs in the stones of Jabal al-Maghara and Serabit al-Khadim in South Sinai. From the Phoenician letter set, the Greek and Latin letters in order were determined, from which the advanced European letters in order were inferred. 

In the field of composing materials, the Egyptians prevailing with regards to making paper before others of the papyrus plant, which is a three-sided stem plant that used to fill in shrubs and swamps, and on the banks of the Nile and the shores of lakes. 

Papyrus stayed being used all through the Pharaonic time, and in the Greek and Roman times, and imported from Egypt, Greece and the Romans, and was sent out to the nations of the East through one of the Mediterranean ports (which is the port of Byblos close to Beirut), which was referred to in Greek messages as "Byblos", which is the name It is gotten from the word papyrus. Bedouins kept on utilizing papyrus until the 10th century, when they embraced the Chinese technique for making paper. Papyrus is as yet utilized in Egypt and outside Egypt for the travel industry purposes, and a declaration of correspondence between the past and the present. 

In the field of writing (particularly astuteness writing, exhortation, axioms, and serenades), the old Egyptians arrived at an extraordinary arrangement, as this sort of writing left an incredible effect in Asia, so the melody of Akhenaten (one of the eighteenth administration rulers who controlled in the fourteenth century BC) - is the principal thought An Egyptian calls for monotheism that depends on the love of one god, specifically: Aton (the circle of the sun), and he dismissed the assortment of the divine beings that won in Egypt before Akhenaten went out to the old world with his new calling, and picked a spot other than the capital Thebes (at present Luxor), and this spot is Tell el-Amarna (Dermawas Center, Minya Governorate), to dwell in it and welcome him to his god Aton. 

Akhenaten got away from his new god with a magnificent song recorded on the dividers of the burial place of one of his partners, Ay, the High Priest of Aten, who later became lord of Egypt. Scientists in the study of relative religions have seen that there is a practically complete match between what was referenced in the song and what was referenced in Psalm 104 of the Psalms of the Prophet David, upon him be tuberculosis.

Cent NESU

Cent Nesu, "the king's sister."

  - In the era of the second transition

 The earliest known examples of this title can be traced back to the Seventeenth Dynasty, as it was taken by the two queens, "Sobek M.S. S."  And the queen, “Aah Hatti,” is the wife of the king, “Sqnen Ra the First,” and the mother of the king, “Ahmose the First”.

  - In the era of the modern state

 In the Eighteenth Dynasty, Queen Ahmose Nefertari, wife of Ahmose the First, took this title, as did the daughters of this king, who are: “Merit Amun,” “Sat Amun,” “Sat Khams,” and “Hantat Thameh.” The queen also took it.  Aah Hatta, the second, the wife of the king, “Amnehat the first,”; the two queens, “Aah Mas,” and “Mutt Naft”, the two wives of the king, “Tuthmosis the First,”; Queen “Hatshepsut,” and her daughter, “Nefru-Ra”;  The third, "Queen Aret," wife of King Tuthmosis the Fourth, and Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten.

 In the nineteenth family, queens did not take this title, while the wives of statesmen were described by the word (his sister).

 In the Twentieth Dynasty, only Queen Teti, wife of King Rameses III, took this title.

 It is worth noting that most of those who took the title (the king's sister) also had the title (the king's wife), or (the king's great wife).  Their assumption of the two titles together calls for thinking about whether the king's wife is really his sister, or that the title (the king's sister) does not mean in most cases that its bearer is really the king's sister, and that it is nothing more than an honorary title, and an honor bestowed upon the queens by the kings.

 In fact, the issue of (wife / sister) has differed according to the opinions of scholars, so the brother’s marriage to his sister, which is now seeing something strange to us, may have been a normal thing in ancient Egypt.  The two deities “Auxerre” and “Set” took from their two sisters “Isz” (Isis) and “Nabet Hat” (Nephthys) as their spouses, and this intermarriage between the deities may have become a model for the Egyptians, especially in the royal family, to preserve the purity of royal blood.

 In the Eighteenth Dynasty, Queen "Ahmose Nefertari" was the husband of her brother, King "Ahmose the First", and the Queen "Aah Hatti the Second" was also the husband of her brother, the King, "Amenah the First", among other examples.

 As for people, it was referred to - in their texts - to the wife as (his beloved sister, his beloved wife);  Sometimes she is referred to only as (his lovely sister);  Sometimes it was referred to as “the sister who occupies your heart”; or: “Your beloved sister who likes to talk to her.” Such phrases were undoubtedly referring to the wife.

 This and if the king’s marriage - if our interpretation of the sources is correct - with his sister aims to preserve the purity of royal blood, then the marriage of an ordinary person to his sister may have been the fruit of intimacy, affection and family bonding, or a desire to preserve the family’s property without squandering it by marrying strangers.

  It is also worth noting that if some of the holders of this title were sisters to their husbands, then some of them were not sisters to the husbands, whether they were kings or persons other than the royal house.  Because it seems that the word (sister) has come to mean (beloved), so the title (sister of the king) is nothing but a description that describes the queen, meaning that she is (the lover), and she is the one who is in the status of a sister.

 What confirms this is that the title (the king's wife) comes in most cases directly after the title (the king's sister), which indicates that both titles complement the other.

 Also, Queen T, the wife of the king, “Gendethe III,” - for example - was described as (his sister), and she is not a full sister or even half-sister of the king.

 Likewise, "Nefertiti" - the wife of "Akhenaten" has taken the title (the king's sister), and there is no evidence that she is the sister of King Akhenaten.

 Likewise, what confirms that the word (sister) has come to mean (beloved) is the Egyptian love songs, in which the lovers used to always address the words (my brother) and (my sister).

  In one of the songs the girl says

 "Brother, it is nice to go to the lake and wash in front of you."

   The boy says

 "When I see my sister coming, my heart rejoices,

 I open my arms to embrace her, and my heart will rejoice in its place. "

cobra snake

The magnificence and accuracy of the ancient Egyptian artist

She appears with distinction in this rare masterpiece

(The cobra snake) It belongs to King Senusret II, the central state, the twelfth family. Today it is four thousand years old and it is of pure gold and inlaid with precious stones.

It was found in 1889 in the offering room in the pyramid of Lahoun in Fayoum.

Egyptian Museum.

Princess Nefert

Princess Nefert and her husband, Prince (Ra_hotep)

 The scientist Merritt found that the northern wall was wavy and uneven. Merritt realized that there was something behind the wall.

 He ordered the workers to drill through the wall to see what was behind it, and after they had drilled through it

And light the torches to see beyond the wall.

 The workers shouted in panic and ran out of the cemetery

And they were chanting, "In demons, in the neighborhood of people, this is a haunted cemetery."

 Merritt ordered the wall to be broken in order to see the most beautiful statue in the Egyptian monuments, Princess Nefert and her husband, Prince Ra Hotep.

 The lights of the torches were reflected from the eyes of alienation, giving the feeling that the statue was alive and looking at you ...

 Prince Ra Hotep, son of King Senefru, lived during the reign of Abiyya # _ the fourth family, and was a contemporary of his brother, King Khufu

Egyptian Museum .

god Amun

Statue of the god Amun

As imagined by the artist.

  Howard Carter bought it for one pound in 1917, and it is of pure gold .. and gave it to Lord Carnival on his birthday.

  It was found in the Temple of Karnak and dates back to the late era of the Twenty-second Dynasty and is now in the Metropolitan Museum.

Merit Aton

The statue of Princess Marit Aton, who is the daughter of Nefertiti and Akhenaten, sent a message to her husband (Smenkh Ka Ra), who was fighting on the battlefield outside Egypt in defense of Egypt.

   Here we see (Merit Aton L.) writing a letter to her husband and lover on the battlefield, expressing the thinnest words and sweetest phrases and saying:

"I will be waiting for you ... always waiting for you..so waiting for you is the hope in which I live and live for it, and as long as the amulet of Hathor adorns your broad chest and its twin adorns my wrist, God will preserve you so that you return safely to me as you promised me with the sanctuary of the temple

My love, I will be waiting for you, and I will wear my most beautiful outfits, such as the tree that is adorned with its most beautiful flowers, my beloved

Egyptian Mummy’s DNA

The Extraction of an Ancient Egyptian Mummy’s DNA

Back in 1915, US archaeologists went on an excavation mission of the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Deir El-Bersha, where they discovered a hidden tomb. When they opened it, they found a mummy’s gruesomely severed head. The room, in which they discovered the tomb, was the final resting place for a governor named Djehutynakht (juh-HOO-tuh-knocked) along with his wife. They are believed to have existened around 2000 BC during Egypt’s Middle Kingdom. Over the years, robbers have stolen the gold and jewels inside the chamber. In order to cover their tracks, they threw the headless, limbless mummified torso into one corner of the room, and set the room on fire.

The archaeologists tried to recover the painted coffins and anything that survived the theft, then sent them to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, in 1921. The collection was exhibited in 2009. As for the body, the torso remained in Egypt, while the detached head became an unsolved mystery, waiting to be revealed. First, the museum needed to know if the head belonged to a he or a she (referring to the governor or his wife). They decided that only a DNA test would answer their question. However, in 2009, the extraction of DNA from mummies was still not a successful progress.

The head of the mummy was examined in Massachusetts General Hospital in 2005, using a CT scan, it was revealed that head had missing cheek bones and part of its jaw hinge. These features could have helped in determining the sex of the mummy. This destruction in the head spiked up another question: why is the face full of disfigurements? Dr. Rajiv Gupta, a neuroradiologist, stated that the attachment of muscles functioning in chewing and closure of the mouth were all taken out. It is believed that this disfigurement may be a part of the ancient mummification practice known as “opening of the mouth” ceremony. This ritual was done since Pharaohs believed that there was an afterlife, and so the deceased could eat, drink and breathe easier. Surprisingly enough, the cuts are very precise – ancient Egyptians somehow performed coronidectomy surgery 4,000 years ago.

What made extraction of DNA from Egyptian mummies so challenging is because of the very hot weather of the desert, rapidly degrading DNA. All attempts to obtain any DNA failed or the results were contaminated with modern DNA. The only option was to ask the Federal Bureau of Investigation for help.

It was decided by the doctors and museum staff that the only way to obtain the mummy’s DNA was to extract a tooth from its mouth. It’s well-known that teeth contain DNA. Many scientists tried to obtain DNA from the tooth, but they still failed. Until 2016, when the crown of the tooth reached the FBI’s lab in Quantico, Virginia. In the FBI’s lab, Dr. Odile Loreille, a forensic scientist, dug into the tooth, collected some powder, then dissolved it.

 The process contained analysis of the sample and the ratio of chromosomes in the sample. The DNA extracted showed signs of heavy damage, which meant that it was not a contaminated modern DNA. And it was a success! Finally, the head was identified: it belonged to a male. And by that, ancient Egyptian DNA could indeed be extracted from mummies. Who knows how many more mysteries can be revealed?

Pharaohs of ancient Egypt (their customs and traditions)

 

Pharaohs of ancient Egypt (their customs and traditions)

 

Pharaoh, (means "incredible house"), initially, the illustrious royal residence in antiquated Egypt. The word came to be utilized metonymically for the Egyptian lord under the New Kingdom (beginning in the eighteenth administration, 1539–1292 BCE), and by the 22nd tradition (c. 945–c. 730 BCE) it had been embraced as an appellation of regard. It was never the lord's proper title, however, and its advanced use as a nonexclusive name for all Egyptian rulers depends on the use of the Hebrew Bible. In authentic records, the full title of the Egyptian ruler comprised of five names, each went before by one of the accompanying titles: Horus, Two Ladies, Golden Horus, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, and Son of Re. The last name was given to him during childbirth, the others at crowning celebration.

Egyptians consider the Pharaohs their Gods!

The Egyptians accepted their pharaoh to be the arbiter between the divine beings and the universe of men. After death the pharaoh got divine, related to Osiris, the dad of Horus and lord of the dead, and gave his sacrosanct powers and position to the new pharaoh, his child. The pharaoh's perfect status was depicted in symbolic terms: his uraeus (the snake on his crown) spat flares at his adversaries; he had the option to stomp on a huge number of the foe on the combat zone; and he was almighty, knowing it all and controlling nature and richness.

 

 

Pharaohs responsibilities) How pharaohs ruled Egypt)

As a celestial ruler, the pharaoh was the preserver of the inherent request, called maat. He possessed an enormous part of Egypt's territory and coordinated its utilization, was answerable for his kin's monetary and profound government assistance, and apportioned equity to his subjects. His will was preeminent, and he administered by illustrious announcement. To administer decently, however, the pharaoh needed to assign obligation; his central partner was the vizier, who, among different obligations, was boss equity, top of the depository, and administrator everything being equal. Underneath this focal position, the illustrious will of the pharaoh was regulated through the nomes, or regions, into which Upper and Lower Egypt were isolated.

 

Numerous researchers accept the primary pharaoh was Narmer, additionally called Menes. In spite of the fact that there is some discussion among specialists, many accept he was the primary ruler to join upper and lower Egypt (this is the reason pharaohs hold the title of "master of two terrains").

Female pharaohs!

 Pharaohs were ordinarily male, in spite of the fact that there were some essential female pioneers, as Hatshepsut and Cleopatra. Hatshepsut, specifically, was an effective ruler, however numerous engravings and landmarks about her were devastated after her demise—maybe to prevent future ladies from turning out to be pharaohs.

Pharaohs believed that there is Life after death

After their demises, numerous pharaohs were buried and encircled by wealth they were intended to use in life following death. Travelers and archeologists have found these burial chambers and took in a lot about antiquated Egyptian culture from them. One exceptionally well-known model was in 1922 when prehistorian Howard Carter found the burial chamber of King Tutankhamen, a pharaoh who passed on when he was just nineteen.

 

Elephantine Temple

The reuse and reusing of funerary landmarks and assortments happened since the commencement of old Egypt from many rulers and aristocrats of old Egypt (which is regularly called the usurpation of the artifacts of the progenitors) - and a long way from that advanced idea of considering a few rulers ransacked the relics of their precursors and thinking of them as insatiable rulers who reused the ancient pieces Those who went before them for individual magnificence, however by and large there were loved strict purposes behind doing as such ... What occurred during the rule of King Senusret I of re-fixing old offices that were harmed, was a model that Queen Hatshepsut continued in modifying, reestablishing and fixing tremendous structures Affected offices 

On account of sacrosanct design, the demolition of strict offices and landmarks according to the antiquated Egyptian was commensurate to obliterating the inestimable world and reestablishing its maintenance and rebuilding is the reclamation of the world to the hallowed scene and the framework once more 

Very nearly a century after the removal of the Hyksos, Queen Hatshepsut expressed on the dividers of her sanctuary known as Istabl Antar, south of Minya, that these intruders didn't care for the Egyptian culture, and that she fixed what was obliterated and modified what was annihilated when the Asians were living in Awares in the Delta and he used to live among them. The drifters who annihilated what existed, on the grounds that they were administering without the god Ra. "This is the manner by which the content says, albeit numerous Hyksos lords bore the name" Ra " 

The fundamental element of the arrangement that Hatshepsut followed and afterward Tuthmosis III followed was development all through the nation .... It appears to be that Queen Hatshepsut started reestablishing the nation and kept on thinking about and change it. 

The principle objective of these sanctuary redesigns was that all rulers in old Egypt discovered crushed sanctuaries, including those worked of mud blocks from prior times ... The possibility of ​​renovation was communicated in structures that were reestablished and mostly remade, which portrays a gathering of development works during the rule of Hatshepsut. Furthermore, Thutmose III attested that this style was not created in the Eighteenth Dynasty, yet was utilized significantly sooner during the rule of King Senusret the First. 

Every one of these rulers accepted that the world that they found had been harmed to an enormous degree, so their job was to modify the crushed nation and reestablish request to it, and make and recharge structures, that is, to reestablish Maat (the inestimable framework) once more. 

Lords used to depict the decay of the current world from one viewpoint and its reestablishment then again. There were numerous highlights connecting the rule of Senusret I and the reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III in remaking and fixing what was harmed. 

Senusret likewise sought after a similar political and change program in the nation that his dad, Amenemhat, had taken, and Hatshepsut and Thutmose III finished it, and after them Horemheb and Seti the First Ramses II, and hence this was a convention followed, and it appears to be that Senusret I acquired this idea from his dad and kept on reconstructing the nation 

For the reasons for the regal philosophy, the decimated world was spoken to in detail as a picture that mirrors the demolished custom scene in three writings, including two writings from two elephants, one of which is a regal pronouncement composed on the mass of the sanctuary and the other is engraved on an uncommon plaque ... furthermore, the third content comes from the city of al-Toud in Luxor, the focal point of the religion of the nit "Minto" Lord War, toward the start of the rule of King Senusret the First 

The sanctuary on Elephantine was in an extremely helpless condition as per the content safeguarded on the external mass of the sanctuary where the recorded content says: "The Great Hall was a heap of rubble on the ground ... There is no information on shrewdness, no room in the sanctuary for the undertakings of ladies (priestesses), no spot For the "HM-NTR" (The Priest) ... No entryway, no entryway papers to seal the crates 

It appears to be that the regal engraving shows the genuine condition of the terrible scene in the Temple of Elephantine, and a similar data was introduced in another content of what befell this honorable structure: "A few pieces of it vanished, its dividers were demolished, and all the rooms were loaded with rubble, and the earth gulped its holiness .... and so forth 

A similar picture is comparable in a book recorded on the mass of the Temple of the Toud in Luxor during the rule of King Senusret the First: "Every one of its rooms were heaps on the ground, the blessed spot was totally failed to remember

KA

KA 

The King of Egypt and the "Ka" government are the secret of the endless patterns of creation 

Every one of the rulers of Egypt is essential for the perfect mystery behind the redundancy of the patterns of creation and the rebirth of people. 

The ka majesty is the way to understanding the secret of the endless patterns of creation, so we need to stop at this idea to attempt to comprehend it through antiquated Egyptian writings. 

The old Egyptians accepted that the individual isn't just an actual body, however there are numerous magical components and profound bodies that partake together in the arrangement of the human substance that consolidates the two boundaries (destruction and interminability), and among these powerful components and otherworldly bodies the ka 

The "ka" appears at a similar second the actual body is made, and the pictograph for "ka" is two arms raised to the sky. 

The "ka" is conceived at a similar second when the actual body is conceived, implying that the "ka" is the existence energy that possesses everything known to mankind and enables it to live and move 

Everything known to mankind has a "ka" (creatures, plants, heavenly bodies, and awesome substances likewise have "ka" (plural ka)). 

The hieroglyphic image for "ka" communicates the demonstration of grasping, and it is an action word showing the presence of a feeling of affection, sympathy and kindness that goes with the transmission of the "ka" energy from the awesome substance that encompasses everything known to mankind and gives it life energy 

The "ka" is the thing that sustains the actual body and is liable for its development. Consequently, the "ka" in Egyptian strict way of thinking is especially connected with food, where the plural type of "ka" - which is kao - is utilized to indicate nourishments. 

In the substance of the pyramids (text No. 789) came these expressions that tended to the ruler of Egypt, saying: "When you decontaminate your body, your mug cleans itself ... that your mummy sits with you and eats bread with you generally and for eternity." 

So the ka is the grandiose power answerable for food, and it is the material body that safeguards the actual body during an individual's life on earth. The actual body lives as long as the ka is appended to it, and when the ka is isolated from it, demise happens and the actual body loses its imperativeness and starts to disintegrate. To its essential components. 

The actual body kicks the bucket, however the ka doesn't pass on, but instead moves to the dowat (the hidden world) where it lives there and gets contributions of bread, brew and different nourishments that are put in the burial places and offered as penances for the dead. 

When considering the idea of "ka" in Egyptian strict way of thinking, we find that the implications of "ka" are not restricted to the fundamental energy that sustains the actual body. 

A similar word is additionally used to mean bull, and it is likewise composed with a similar hieroglyphic image, which is the arms raised up, which demonstrates the demonstration of grasping .... What's more, the bull in old Egypt is an image of the astronomical power that re-embeds the seed of life in the belly of the inestimable mother. 

The antiquated Egyptians and different occupants of old civic establishments dominated in utilizing similar sounding word usage to communicate the connection among astronomical and otherworldly ideas and things having a place with the material world. 

One of the most clear instances of this is the utilization of "ka" to indicate the bull, which is an image of virility, and furthermore to signify the illustrious "ka", which means the essential body of the lord (or the associate). 

The ruler is depicted as a "solid bull", a portrayal regularly referenced in the Hourly title of the rulers of Egypt, particularly in the time of the cutting edge state. Along these lines, the Hourly title is some of the time called "the title of the Ka", and this title shows up as a rule composed over the "Ka" sign, which is In the type of arms raised up 

"Ka-mut-f" (the bull of its mom) is written in pictographs utilizing three images: an image as a bull, an image as the indication of the "ka" (arms raised up) and an image as a female falcon which gives the phonetic estimation of the syllable "demise" . 

Both the bull and the ka go into the development of the name Ka Mutif (its mom's bull), which implies that its job isn't simply restricted to planting a seed of new life toward the finish of the enormous cycles, yet in addition has a part in food. 

This relationship is especially apparent in the collect celebration, as recorded by the Egyptian craftsman on the dividers of the Temple of Habu, where the ceremonies connected the food cycle that closes with the reap of the planting and the transmission of the Egyptian regal tradition starting with one age then onto the next ... In the reap celebration, the spirits of progenitors are evoked through their sculptures and pictures. . 

Quite possibly the main obligations of the ruler in old Egypt is to guarantee the ripeness of the land so the individuals can discover enough food ... To accomplish this, the lord needed to play out certain strict ceremonies on the reap celebration, where the spirits of the precursors would impart to him (implying that the entire imperial line was a significant component in the ripeness customs. Also, gather feasts). 

The idea of "ka" incorporates both the food and the spirits of the predecessors who left to the next world however didn't separate from our reality on the grounds that the energy of life and ripeness is moved from the other world to us through them. Soul domain. 

The precursors are in a condition of perpetual presence in our reality through the ruler. They live inside 

him, uphold him, and take an interest with him in decision Egypt.

discover

The discovery of a cache of sealed coffins in Saqqara The collection of more than 13 intact and sealed coffins has been found, which is the first step towards a huge discovery that will be announced soon at the site, according to the Ministry of Antiquities

It was found inside a hole 11 meters deep, where three closed ports were also found. The statement added that these coffins are 2,500 years old and still retain some of the original colors.

The coffins were found stacked on top of each other, and initial studies indicate that the coffins are completely closed and have not been opened since their burial, and it is likely that more will be found at the same site.

Queen Nefertiti

The incomplete quartz head of Queen Nefertiti, wife of King Akhenaten, was part of a composite statue in which each element was carved separately to be grouped later into a single statue.

Like the rest of the Akhenaten family, the head depicts the queen according to the Amarna art style.

The modern state

Eighteenth Dynasty

The Amarna era

Akhenaten era

About 1353 - 1336 BC

The Egyptian Museum in Cairo

The costs of mummification

The costs of mummification were not simple, the process itself varies its cost from one person to another, as well as the external appearance of the mummy, and the quality of materials used in the mummy from others, all of this is measured by the status and wealth of the deceased, and funerary objects designed for people with different levels of wealth when they were alive, or One of the family.

There were at least strategies available for those who were planning a cemetery, some of whom could replace, imitate, merge, reuse and replace expensive materials with cheaper ones, for example use porcelain made of sand instead of more expensive gold, or a mummy mask of clay can be painted yellow. To imitate gold, especially with expensive coffins, there was a separate cartonnage (mask) that was placed on the mummy, and it was shaped like the normal size of the deceased and wore daily clothes and placed directly on the mummy to save money

These economics methods reveal immense creativity among those who did not have the means to furnish a tomb according to elite standards ... While the craftsmanship and extravagant materials used for the wealthy inspire admiration for their exceptional beauty, the things designed for the common person have a modest and eloquent presence in their own right.

A perfume box from the tomb of Tutankhamun of more than 3500 years and the box is a sculpture in alabaster, which is a kind of very hard marble stone that did not break when carving, although it is very delicate and very thin and contains many delicate spaces..and emptied from the inside.

Alabaster hard stone as a clay between their skilled fingers expressing tenderness, precision, beauty and creativity in carving in hard stone.

The amazing alabaster vase on the left is carved and cut out from a single piece of marble, and the miraculous miracle is that it is carved from the inside with exquisite thin inscriptions and engraved with drawings and inscriptions from the inside, and the long and slender neck of the vase can not be carved now except by laser technology.

The world stands incapable of thinking and interpretation in front of the ancient Pharaonic civilization, which is still unable to comprehend creativity and beauty

The Egyptian Museum in Cairo (Cairo)